PU LECTURER RECRUITMENT EXAM KARNATAKA 2025 COACHING FOR ECONOMICS & COMMERCE - Apple B UGC NET JRF Academy

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PU LECTURER RECRUITMENT EXAM KARNATAKA 2025 COACHING FOR ECONOMICS & COMMERCE

The PU Lecturer Exam in Karnataka is a competitive examination for the recruitment of lecturers to Government Pre-University Colleges. The exam is conducted by the Karnataka Examination Authority (KEA) and the Department of Collegiate Education. It presents a golden opportunity for all PG & B.Ed qualified (or those with equivalent qualifications) individuals to secure a prestigious job with an assured pay scale. Vacancies are available for teachers in various subjects.

To apply for the exam, candidates must have a post-graduate degree with at least 55% marks and should have completed B.Ed. training. The minimum age for applying is 21 years, and the upper age limit is 40 years (with age relaxations as per government norms).

The examination consists of two parts. The first part is a Kannada language paper, which is qualifying in nature. Part 2 contains two papers related to the subject (e.g., Economics, Commerce, English, etc.). Each of the three papers carries 150 marks. As this is a highly competitive recruitment examination, it follows a negative marking system.

Apple B has scheduled coaching classes for aspirants who wish to prepare for this opportunity. We provide well-drafted notes, experienced lecturers, and an environment conducive to peaceful learning. Apple B Academy, India’s top- rated virtual platform, is here to help you secure a high rank in the upcoming exam and make your dream a reality. We offer coaching for Economics and Commerce, helping you achieve your goal on this virtual platform.

The currently available syllabus for Economics and Commerce is provided below.

SYLLABUS FOR ECONOMICS

PAPER‐I
Chapter 1: Micro economic Analysis

Utility  Analysis : Concepts and Importance ‐ Theories of Demand ‐Indifference  curve Analysis ‐ Revealed preference  Theory‐ consumer choice under uncertainty‐ Elasticities  of demand: concepts and  measurement‐ supply analysis‐ Elasticity of supply‐Theories of production and costs ‐Law of variable Proportions ‐ cost concepts  and functions‐ Price and output determination under different Market situations‐Short run and lang run Equilibrium‐Theories of factor Pricing , Marginal Productivity Theory ‐ Determination of Rent, Wages, Interest and Profit ‐General equilibrium Theories.

Chapter 2 : Indian Economy :

Natural, Human resources and economic development size and growth rate of population in India.
population explosion ‐population policy, National income of India ‐National income estimates in India.
Trends in national income of India ‐Growth and Structure ‐Limitations of National Income Inequalities of  Income in India.
The place of Agriculture in the National economy since 1991 ‐Food security in India ‐ progress of  Agriculture under the plans.
Importance of Industrialization in India, Industrial policy ‐ 1991
Foreign trade of India: Composition and direction of India’s foreign trade ‐ India’s balance of payments ‐ Impact of WTO in India’s foreign trade ‐  India’s foreign exchange reserves.
Functions of RBI and Monetary Management. Indian fiscal system: Revenue and expenditure of the central and state governments.

Chapter 3 :  Banking theory and policy:

Banking theory and policy: Role and Importance of banks in economic development-cooperative banks  and structure ‐ Commercial banking theory.
Structure of commercial banking, functions of commercial banks, backable sheet if a bank, role of  commercial banks in the modern economic system.
The central banking‐ Role of central bank in developed and developing countries ‐ functions of central  bank ‐ monetary policy of central bank.
Money market: features and constituent’s capital market: features and constituents’ banking sector reforms in India.

Chapter 4 :  Rural Development:

Objectives and Importance of the study of rural development‐ characteristic’s of rural economy.
Rural development programmers: Dimension of rural unemployment and poverty ‐ A brief review of the current rural development programmers of poverty alleviation ‐ Rural infrastructure programmers ‐  gender bias in rural development.
Growth and development of cottage industries ‐ structure and promotional measures.
Rural institutions: Panchayat Raj institutions‐ role of NGOs ‐ SHGs-Globalization and rural development.
Role of co‐operatives in rural development agricultural marketing and rural credit ‐ role of NABARD in agriculture.

Chapter 5 :  Agricultural Economics : 

Agriculture and economic development: Scope of agricultural economics ‐agriculture in a growing economy ‐ subsistence agriculture and its modernization ‐ Interdependence be
tween agriculture  and Industry.
Farming system: Traditional, subsistence, commercial, cooperative, collective and state farming of a nation ‐ farm size and productivity relationship ‐ extent of unemployment and employment in agriculture ‐factors affecting agriculture growth and productivities: Size of land holdings ‐ land reforms ‐ supply of inputs ‐ irrigation, power, seed and fertilizer.

Chapter 6 : Industrial economics : 

Evolution and development of Industrial economics‐ Industrial economics as a branch of economics.
Concept of firm ‐ features and objectives Concept of industrial organization and different forms of industrial organization Concept of industrial productivity Industrial policy since 1991 in India Industrial finance Role of small scale industries and their problems Role of public sector in Industrial development.

PAPER‐II
Chapter 1 :  Micro economic Analysis

Concepts of national income ‐National income Accounting ‐Accounting Difficulties-Importance of National Income Analysis‐ Classical Full employment Theory: Implications and criticisms‐Keynesian
Theory : concept of Effective Demand‐ Consumption Function‐ Investment Function ‐ Theory of multiplies Relevance of Keynesian Policies ‐ Money Demand Determinants‐ Theories of Money Demand‐ Determinant’s of Money supply ‐ Theories of inflation : Demand pull and cost push Theories‐ Stagflation‐ Measures to control Inflation ‐ Theories of Business Cycle : policies to control Economic  Fluctuations.

Chapter 2 :  Economics of Growth and Development 

Distinction between Growth and Development concept of sustainable development-General Theories of Growth : Smith, David Ricardo, T.R Malthus, Karl Marx, Schumpeter and Rostow‐ Partial Theories: Laboure Surplus Theory ‐ Big push Theory critical minimum Effort Theory ‐ Balanced and unbalanced Growth Models‐Factors in the Development Process‐Endogenous Growth Models Choice of Technology and Appropriate Technology Sectoral issues in Development‐Trade and Development ‐ Role of Domestic and external Resources in Financing Economic Development MNCs and Economic growth.

Chapter 3 :  Public Economics

Role of Government in modern economies ‐ Government as an agent for economic planning and development ‐ Role of budget and Budgetary policy Allocation, Distribution and stabilisation Functions.
Public Goods: Features and importance ‐ Market Failure‐ Externalities ‐ Theory of Public Choice problems of preference Revelation ‐ Voting systems Rationale for Public policy
‐public Expenditure Wagner’s Law of Increasing State Activities‐Peacock ‐ wiseman Hypothesis‐ Cost Benefit Analysis ‐ Principles of Taxation‐ Theory of optimum Taxation ‐ Concepts of Tax Incidence ‐ Public Debt : Sources and Burden of Public Debt‐ principles of debt Management. Fiscal policy‐ objectives Instruments ‐  Budgetary Deficits ‐ Concepts and Implications.

Chapter 4 : International  Economics 

Theories of International Trade. Absolute cost Advantage and comparative cost Advantage Heckscher Ohlin’s Theory ‐Leontief Paradox‐ Terms of Trade concept’s ‐ Factors Affecting terms of Trade ‐ Trade and commercial policy‐Free Trade and protectionist policy:  Merits and Demerits ‐Tariffs : Types and Effects‐ Optimum Tariff‐ Onatos Damping ‐ Import substitution vs Export Led Growth‐ Balance of payments:
Concepts ‐ Disequilibrium‐ Measures to correct disequilibrium‐ devaluation‐ Foreign Exchange Determination of Exchange Rate ‐ Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rate ‐ Objectives and Methods of Exchange Control ‐ Concept of FDI ‐ Role of MNCs ‐ WTO and Trade ‐International Financial Institutions: world Bank, IMF, IDA, IFC, ADB: adjective’s, Functions and Lending Operations.

Chapter 5 : Human Development 

Concept of Human Development,  Human Development  index and Ranking‐ other measures : Gender Development Index gender Empowerment Measure Multi‐dimensional poverty Index ‐ Determinants of
Human Development : Education, Health and social Security ‐ Relationship bet
ween human development and Economic growth ‐Approaches to human development ‐health care system‐ Health Attainments and Indicators‐Life Expectancy, IMR, CMR, MMR Disease Burden ‐ Education and Human Development Education Indicators : GER, NER Literacy Rate Benefits of Education‐Gender Disparities in Human Development ‐ Human Rights and Human Development‐ Millerism Development Goals and Human Development.

Chapter 6 : Definition, nature and Importance of Economic Statistics 

Definition of statistics ‐ Nature and importance of statistics ‐uses, functions and limitations of statistics ‐ statistical investigation ‐ census and sample survey ‐ methods of sample surveys ‐ Random sampling ‐ systematic sampling ‐ Questionnaires classification and tabulation of statistical data sample and  manifold tabulations – Frequency distribution for on variable. Mean‐ Median‐Mode‐ Geometric Mean‐Harmonic Mean ‐ Their relative merits and demerits

SYLLABUS FOR COMMERCE

PAPER‐I
1. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND CORPORATE ETHICS :
  • Introduction: Meaning, Nature, Characteristics, Scope, Objectives, Structures, Types of Business environment.
  • Political and legal environment: Economic environment, Social and Cultural environment and Technological environment.
  • Industrial Policy and Implementation , Industrial growth and structural Changes  (L.P.G.: Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization)
  • Ethics: Nature of ethics and its relation to Values, business ethics, Corporate Social  responsibilities.
2. ACCOUNTING THEORY :
  • Meaning and Definitions, users of accounting information foundations of accounting  theory, concepts, conventions, principles.
  • Bank Reconciliation Statements.
  • Human resources accounting, inflection accounting and Social accounting.
  • Accounting standards.
3. PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT :
  • Management theory and Practice: Definitions, nature, purpose, functions, system approaches to management, Management v/s administration, evolution of management thought.
  • Planning, Organizing, Staffing and Directing.
  • Strategic management, strategy formulation and implementation.
  • Corporate mission and objectives, external and internal analysis.
4. MARKETING MANAGEMENT :
  • Introduction to marketing and marketing environment
  • Marketing Research
  • Market segmentation
  • Marketing mix
5. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT :
  • Introduction: evolution, definitions, objectives, changing of functional roles of H.R. Managers.
  • Human resources planning, recruitment and selection.
  • Employee promotions, wages and salary administration.
  • Job evaluation and performance appraisal.
6. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT :
  • Introduction: meaning, definitions, functions, importance, objectives of financial  management.
  • Capital budgeting under certainty situations capital budgeting under uncertainty situation.
  • Cost of capital, working Capital management.
  • Dividend & Valuation
7. BUSINESS MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS :
  • Commercial arithmetic’s, matrix, Algebra, calculus.
  • Time series and forecasting.
  • Probability theory, distribution.
  • Statistical quality and control.
8. BANKING AND INSURANCE MANAGEMENT :
  • Introduction: meaning, definitions, Importance of banking, bank customer relationship.
  • Functions of central banking in India, Commercial banks, nationalization of commercial banks, R.R.B.S.
  • Principles of life insurance, management of life Insurance.
  • Evolution of Insurance business in India, life and General Insurance.
9. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF AUDITING :
  • Introduction: origin, definitions, objectives, errors and frauds in accounting, classification, advantage, limitations, qualities of an auditor, audit programme
  • Reserves and provisions, internal check, internal Control and internal Audit.
  • Vouching
  • Verification and valuation of assets and liabilities, investigation.
10. COMPUTER APPLICATION AND BUSINESS :
  • Introduction to computer.
  • Management information system (MIS).
  • Introduction to oracle, Introduction to visual basic.
  • Data base connectivity through visual basic.
PAPER‐II
11. ADVANCED ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE :
  • International accounting: Meaning, need, stages in the evolution of international accounting.
  • International financial reporting system (IFSR).
  • Special issues in international accounting: consolidation accounting, foreign exchange risk management, transfer pricing Foreign currency transaction, segmental reporting, harmonization in financial reporting.
  • Corporate restructuring: mergers and acquisitions, valuation under mergers and acquisitions.
12. COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING :
  • Introduction: meaning, nature, scope functions, definitions.
  • Elements of costing labour, material and overheads, methods of costing, process costing
  • Financial statement analysis, absorption and marginal costing, standard costing, variance analysis.
  • Budgeting profit planning and control.
13. TAX PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION :
  • Introduction: Concepts of tax planning, tax evasion, tax management, scope and limitation.
  • Tax planning in relation to residential status of persons.
  • Tax planning in relation to various heads of incomes.
  • Deduction of tax (TDS), Advance tax payment, central excise duty, CEN VAT, customs duty, service tax.
14. FINANCIAL SERVICES AND INSTITUTIONS :
  • Nature and role of financial system : Structure, financial system and economic development, financial
    Intermediaries, primary and secondary market money market.
  • Organization and functions of stock exchange and SEBI.
  • International financial environment: Euro issues, GDRs, ADRs
  • Non banking financial institutions: Insurance Company SFCS, Housing finance companies, venture capital
15. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS :
  • Concepts, nature, importance, difference between domestic and international business.
  • Theories of International business.
  • Trading and regulatory environment of international business: GATT WTO and UNCTAD, SAARC, Multinational Corporations (MNC)
  • International liquidity and economic institutions :IMF,WORLD BANK ,ADB
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